Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

What is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease – often shortened to CMT – is a hereditary neurological condition that affects the peripheral nerves. These nerves control movement and sensation in the arms and legs.

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CMT causes gradual weakening of the muscles, particularly in the feet, lower legs and hands. It usually develops slowly over time.

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Although there is currently no cure, rehabilitation can help maintain strength, mobility and independence.

What causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?
 

CMT is a genetic condition.

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It is caused by inherited changes in genes that affect the structure or function of peripheral nerves. These nerves carry signals between the brain, spinal cord and muscles.

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Because it is hereditary, it can run in families. The severity and progression can vary between individuals, even within the same family.

What does Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease feel like?
 

Symptoms often begin in childhood or early adulthood but may develop later.

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Common symptoms include:

• Weakness in the feet and ankles

• Frequent tripping

• Difficulty lifting the front of the foot – foot drop

• High arches

• Reduced sensation in the feet or hands

• Poor balance

• Hand weakness in later stages

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Over time, walking may become more difficult and confidence outdoors may reduce.

How can physio help with CMT?
 

Physiotherapy plays an important role in managing Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

It works by:

• Maintaining muscle strength

• Improving balance

• Supporting safe walking

• Reducing falls risk

• Improving coordination

• Supporting independence for as long as possible

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Rehabilitation focuses on preserving function and adapting safely to changes.

What treatment will Village Physio do?
 

At Village Physio, we provide personalised, home-based rehabilitation tailored to your symptoms and goals.

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Treatment may include:

• Targeted strengthening exercises

• Balance training

• Gait retraining

• Functional practice – stairs, transfers, daily tasks

• Stretching programmes

• Advice on pacing activity

• Guidance on appropriate mobility aids or orthotics

• Falls prevention planning

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All sessions are one-hour home visits, allowing practical rehabilitation in your own home environment.

What can I do to reduce my discomfort whilst I wait for an appointment?
 

• Stay gently active within safe limits

• Wear supportive footwear

• Use mobility aids if advised

• Avoid rushing when walking

• Keep pathways clear and well-lit

• Perform gentle stretching if comfortable

If you experience sudden worsening weakness, significant changes in sensation or repeated falls, seek medical advice promptly.